 Manila, a sprawling mass of humanity, is one of Asia’s most diverse and energetic cities, acutely reflecting its long heritage as a point of convergence for cultures and classes. Straddling the delta of the Pasig River, the capital of the Philippines is actually several cities fused into one.
 Tracing Manila Bay from north to south, most visitors will find themselves drawn to the waterfront areas of Ermita and Malate where the superlative tourist attractions of Intramuros and Rizal Park await. Just across the Pasig River lies Binondo’s Chinatown and the vivacious outdoor markets of Quiapo.
Each sub-city within Manila offers plenty of highlights, depending on what you’re looking for. Some of the world’s biggest shopping malls are here, as well as some of the most vibrant nightlife in the East.
At the heart of the city is the historic district, anchored by Intramuros, the centre of power during Spanish colonial rule. The 16th century walled city offers some real treats such as San Agustin Church and its amazing museum, Santiago Fort, and Manila Cathedral. Just next door is Rizal Park, a destination in its own right where museums and monuments dot the green grounds.
 To the west of Rizal Park is another major tourist strip, Roxas boulevard, which runs along bustling Manila Bay. The districts of Ermite and Malate are also here, constituting what is known as Manila’s tourist belt. Upscale hotels, trendy restaurants and some of the city’s best shopping can be found here, making this area the most popular hub for visitors. Entertainment galore unfolds in these districts after dark as casinos, bars and clubs open their doors.
Although not often touted as a prime Asian tourist destination, Manila covers the whole spectrum in terms of amenities and attractions. Whether you want to explore the historical or glitzy sides of the city, or indulge in something a bit more local, this steamy tropical metropolis serves it up in spades. Tranquility may not be its driving characteristic, but visitors rarely complain that Manila is dull.
History
Up until 1976, Manila was merely a conglomeration of 17 small towns. When President Marcos brought them all together, one of Asia’s largest urban centres was formed. It was the strategic geographical location of Manila Bay that first enticed people to settle here. With the silk of the Old World to the west and the silver and gold of the New World to the east, this deep sheltered harbour was a natural choice for maritime traders.
The first foreigners to discover the virtues of Manila Bay were the Chinese, who arrived on Luzon Island in 98 AD. Their influence was subsequently replaced by a Muslim reign culminating with Rajah Sulayman. However, it was the Spanish who left the most indelible mark on local culture. The famous explorer Magellan landed in the Philippines in 1521 and immediately claimed all of the islands for Spain.
By 1571, Spanish control had spread to Manila and settlements such as Intramuros began to sprout up to feed the world’s first global economy, driven by the lucrative Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade. At its peak, Manila was one of the richest cities in East Asia, and today the treasures from this era can be seen at the San Agustin Museum. The Spanish presence created a unique culture where Asian and Latin characteristics overlapped.
 When the Filipinos finally rebelled against Spanish colonial rule in 1898, they were ready for independence. The United States approved the newly formed Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935, but when the Japanese invaded in 1941, things fell apart. Japanese troops forced American and Philippine forces to surrender in 1942, but after a series of infamous and ferocious land and sea battles the Americans regained control of the territory.
Unfortunately, the fierce fighting left the country shattered and economically ruined. The Filipinos finally gained independence in 1946, but this fragile illusion lasted only until 1965 when Ferdinand Marcos was elected president. The antigovernment riots that followed gave Marcos the pretense to declare martial law, ushering in the nation’s infamous era of presidential corruption.
The abuses of Marcos’ regime continued unabated until the People Power movement of 1986 drove him and his supporters into exile. Proceeding governments have slowly continued to democratise the nation, helping to propel Manila back into a role of prominence.
Weather
Manila’s singular climate is hot and humid. With the exception of the brief but welcome dry winter season between November and February, conditions in the city remain stifling. The winter naturally coincides with Manila’s peak tourist season. The slight drop in tropical temperatures coupled with a lack of precipitation creates the most favourable conditions of the year.
The one relief to Manila’s stuffy weather comes from the sea breezes which blow frequently enough to provide a bit of air movement. The temperatures hit their hottest during May, when an average of 28°C is compounded by high humidity.
The rainy season kicks in from June to October, bringing plenty of soggy days and the occasional typhoon and tropical storm. Expect rain at any time, however, so come prepared with a good rain coat. Otherwise, lightweight loose clothing works best in this steamy tropical environment.
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