Guatemala boasts some of the most spectacular Mayan archaeological sites in the world as well as some of the last remaining Mayan communities, who constitute over half of the population. The country is home to approximately 21 different ethnic groups speaking over 23 languages, making it one of the most varied populations in the world.

The first colonial settlement was built in 1524 but continuing battles with Cakchiquel warriors necessitated relocation in 1527 near present-day San Miguel Escobar. Unfortunately an earthquake destroyed this in 1541. A third capital was then established on the site of la Antigua Guatemala and survived until 1773, when it too was hit by a devastating earthquake.